Akash Bhairav :Akash Bhairav is a Hindu deity. Considered the "god of the sky", several large temples in Kathmandu are dedicated to him.
The head of the Aakash Bhairav was dug up several hundred years ago in Kathmandu. The head now resides in a Hindu temple in Kathmandu not far from Durbar Square and is taken out of the temple once a year and is blessed by the Kumari - the living goddess who lives in the nearby Kumari Chowk. He is also known as King Yalamber of Kirat, Aju dya for Newars, and Barbarik, grandson of Bhimsen, In the common Kathmandu myth he is the god who will always fight for the weak or the losing side. Hence he is one of the beloved gods of the people of Kathmandu and is considered as the ancestor god of the people of Kathmandu.
Lost-Wax System
This Metal Mask of Akash Bhairav is made by the process of the Lost Wax system. This is a very complicated, time consuming and historic process of making metal sculptures.Which is why it is sometimes called Precision Casting as well. Hence the sculptures made by this process are comparatively expensive. There are many new, advanced and less time consuming methods of casting metal sculptures available as well. But due to the benefits provided by the traditional lost wax system in quality control and customization, we prefer the Loss wax system over Ceramic molding, or sand casting to make our Metal Mask.
Below we have tried to illustrate the process of making a loss wax system statue:
The method of metal casting in which a molten metal is poured into a mold that has been created by means of a wax model. Once the mold is made, the wax model is melted and drained away. Bronze statues come to life differently than marble statues. Instead of carving a block or marble, the bronze artist uses the lost-wax technique to make a series of molds, and then pours melted bronze into the final mold to create the sculpture. This method has been around since 4500 BCE.
There are few important steps in lost wax casting process :
Step 1: Sculpting ( It all starts in the studio with an idea, Then figuring out how to realize the vision in clay.)
Step 2: Mold Making.
Step 3: Wax Pouring.
Step 5: Wax Spruing.
Step 6: Shell Dipping.
Step 7: Bronze Pouring.
Interestingly enough Loss wax process is also called Investment casting because after layers have been formed and dried, the wax is melted out of the ceramic tree by using steam (120°C) in an autoclave. This is why it is called "lost wax casting". The majority of the molten wax which can then be regenerated and is reusable.
Before Making statue :At work room making the wax models.
Softening a piece of wax over a brazier.
Relaxing after softening the wax The working environment with works in progress.
Working the face of an Ekajata wax model.
Working the face of wax model.Using a modeling tool to form the face of Ekajata.
Deatail of wax model
The design for Ekajata compared to the Tibetan book on which it was based.Statues Maker Are master in buddhism .
Detail of A partially finished Candamaharoshana (Acala) wax figure made in the Tibetan style.
A finished wax image of Mahakala.
Anthor Finished Wax Model of Shakyamuni Buddha
One of the modelers working in the room shows the Pehar image on which he is working.
The artist showed how the goat , which had been completed earlier, fits under the image. ,
Tej Jyoti Shakya and his wife, Nani Maya Shakya Covering the wax model in a mixture of clay and dung
Pressing the mixture of clay and dung around the wax image.
The board with the clay and dung mixture ready for use.
Model Pieces drying after the initial (dipped) thin layer of fine clay.
Clay-covered model pieces drying in the sun.
Molds waiting to be put into the burnout furnace
The same molds, seen in the previous image, in the burnout furnace
The double row of refractory bricks used to support the heated molds during casting.
The melting furnace and a pile of coke used for melting the metals. Laying the bed of coke in the melting furnace.
The first ignition of the coke.
Checking the coke bed.
The electric blower used to force air into the melting furnace
Beginning to fill the crucibles with scrap copper.
Preparing the bed of burning coke to receive the crucibles
Sorting various metals used in the alloys.
Weighing precious metals that are used in the alloys
Weighing copper from Singapore to achieve a correct alloy.
Different sizes of crucibles and various types of metals to be cast in this melt.
Placing the crucibles in the bed of coke filled with metal are in place.
After the crucibles are in place, more coke is piled around them.
The crucibles are covered with scrap metal to hold in the heat.
The electric fan is then connected.Soon a very hot flame is produced.
The entire furnace temperature goes up to about 1800 -1900 degrees.
Setting up molds in between the refractory bricks to receive the molten metal. Handling the molds with asbestos gloves and bracing them with fragments of bricks.
Pouring the molten metal into the base of a mold
Another view of the artists pouring the molten metal.Detailed view showing the molten metal being poured into the sprues.
Preparing to lift and pour molten metal from one of the larger crucibles.
Cooling a mold containing the recently poured metal.
Beginning to break away the clay mold from the metal casting. The mold breaks away revealing the metal image inside
The first metal image from the day's work.
Examining the image for flaws
Two auras (prabhamandalas), one that cast perfectly and one (in front) that only partially filled.
Opening more molds
Researchers mark specific metal images for future identification.
Cleaning the details of the image with a metal tool.
Sawing off the sprues from Aura image. The sprue metal will be reused in future castings.
Two auras that worked perfectly. The one on the right has been cut off of the sprues, while the one on the left still has the sprues attached.
The finishing specialist begins the finishing process with a set of tools, including a small hammer. to give more detail
The entire surface of the image will be gently hammered to a final, almost polished finish.
The finisher's tools and the work in progress
Finishing work on an image of the Buddha.
Hammering the chest of an image that is being held against the work block
A Buddha image hammered and chased to the final, detailed finish.
Cleaning in a very mild acid bath. The image and prabhamandala are placed in a final acidic bath to make sure the surface is absolutely clean.
Drying the image with a blow torch.
Metal Wall Hangings : Brief Introduction
Tibetan Buddhist culture is rich in symbolism and art, and metal or wooden wall hangings are essential to this tradition. These wall hangings, also known as paubhas, are typically made in painting form, painted on a cotton canvas with natural color. they are also made in wood, brass, or clay, and feature intricate designs and vibrant colors. They depict various aspects of Buddhism, such as deities, Buddhist teachings, and spiritual stories. Many of these wall hangings are adorned with semi-precious stones, such as turquoise, coral, and lapis lazuli, which add to their beauty and symbolic significance.
The art of creating these metal or wooden wall hangings is considered a sacred tradition in Tibetan Buddhist culture, and it is often passed down from generation to generation. The creation process can take many months or even years, as each detail is carefully crafted and the colors are meticulously applied. These wall hangings are considered to be sacred objects and are used for meditation, worship, and offerings.
One of the most common themes depicted in Tibetan wall hangings is the mandala, a geometric representation of the universe. Mandalas are often intricate, symmetrical designs that are meant to represent the balance and harmony of the universe. They can also depict important Buddhist teachings and spiritual stories, and they serve as a focus for meditation and spiritual contemplation. Other popular themes in Tibetan wall hangings include Buddhist deities such as the Buddha, bodhisattvas, and protectors, as well as important Buddhist symbols like the lotus flower, the wheel of life, and the eight auspicious symbols.
The use of color in Tibetan wall hangings is also significant, as each color is associated with a specific emotion, quality, or spiritual aspect. For example, gold is associated with wisdom and compassion, red symbolizes passion and power, and blue represents serenity and peace. The use of semi-precious stones in these wall hangings is also significant, as each stone is believed to have spiritual properties and can bring positive energy to the environment.
In conclusion, Tibetan metal or wooden wall hangings are a rich and important part of Tibetan Buddhist culture. They serve as sacred objects for meditation, worship, and offerings, and their intricate designs, vibrant colors, and semi-precious stone settings make them both beautiful and significant. These wall hangings are a testament to the beauty and significance of Tibetan Buddhist culture and continue to be valued and revered to this day.
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In September of 2007 Nepal's state-run airline confirmed that it had sacrificed two goats to appease Akash Bhairab, whose symbol is seen on the company's planes, following technical problems with one of its aircraft. Nepal Airlines said the animals were slaughtered in front of the plane - a Boeing 757 - at Kathmandu airport. . The airline said that after the ceremony the plane successfully completed a flight to Hong Kong. "The snag in the plane has now been fixed and the aircraft has resumed its flights," senior airline official Raju KC was quoted as saying. The company did not say what the problem was, but reports in local media had blamed an electrical fault.
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